6ES7412-1XF02-0AB0
將兩種半導(dǎo)體材料薄層交替生長形成超晶格,在其界面有能帶突變,使得電子和空穴被限制在低勢能阱內(nèi),從而能量量子化形成量子阱。利用量子阱中能級電子躍遷原理可以做紅外探測器。其工作原理如圖1所示。
基于比較成熟的III-V族半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)、分子束外延(Molecular Beam Epitaxy,MBE)技術(shù)和金屬有機化學(xué)氣相沉積(bbbbl Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition,MOCVD)技術(shù),目前GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱紅外探測器已經(jīng)獲得穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)并廣泛應(yīng)用。目前GaAs襯底的尺寸可以達到6 in(150 mm)以上,同時成本較低,可滿足新一代紅外探測器大面陣、低成本的要求;GaAs/Al-GaAs材料化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性較高,可耐受空天裝備的高能離子輻射,適于制備空天裝備用紅外探測器。通過改變GaAs/AlGaAs中AlGaAs的組分、GaAs和AlGaAs的厚度,可以使器件的響應(yīng)波長在3 ~ 30 μm變化,理論上甚至可以將截止波長增大到200 μm以上的太赫茲波段。
圖1 量子阱紅外探測器工作原理
量子阱紅外探測器的主要優(yōu)點是其材料生長基于成熟的III-V族材料生長技術(shù)及器件制備工藝能夠穩(wěn)定地提供高均勻性、低成本的大面陣焦平面芯片。由于量子阱紅外探測器可以直接利用現(xiàn)成的III-V族半導(dǎo)體生產(chǎn)線,使量子阱探測器的成本相對于HgCdTe探測器更具優(yōu)勢。量子阱紅外探測器屬于光電導(dǎo)型器件,但其高阻抗、高響應(yīng)速率與低功耗均很好地滿足紅外焦平面的需要。但是量子阱探測器吸收的入射輻射中只有垂直于超晶格生長面的極化矢量起作用,光子利用率低;量子阱中基態(tài)電子濃度受摻雜限制,量子效率不高;響應(yīng)光譜區(qū)窄;低溫要求苛刻。另外,由于躍遷矩陣元的選擇定則,只有平行于表面的入射光才能被量子阱吸收,因此需要在量子阱紅外探測器的像元上制備可以提高光吸收的精細光柵結(jié)構(gòu),這不僅增加了工藝上的難度同時也不能將量子效率恢復(fù)到接近HgCdTe探測器的水平。
6ES7412-1XF02-0AB0
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6ES7412-1XF02-0AB0
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