為了便于表述,本篇文章我會通過節(jié)點代稱commit提交
在Git中每次提交都會生成一個節(jié)點,而每個節(jié)點都會有一個哈希值作為唯一標示,多次提交會形成一個線性節(jié)點鏈(不考慮merge的情況),如圖1-1
節(jié)點上方是通過 SHA1計算的哈希值
C2節(jié)點包含C1提交內(nèi)容,同樣C3節(jié)點包含C1、C2提交內(nèi)容
1.4 HEAD
HEAD是Git中非常重要的一個概念,你可以稱它為指針或者引用,它可以指向任意一個節(jié)點,并且指向的節(jié)點始終為當前工作目錄,換句話說就是當前工作目錄(也就是你所看到的代碼)就是HEAD指向的節(jié)點。
還以圖1-1舉例,如果HEAD指向C2那工作目錄對應的就是C2節(jié)點。具體如何移動HEAD指向后面會講到,此處不要糾結。
同時HEAD也可以指向一個分支,間接指向分支所指向的節(jié)點。
1.5 遠程倉庫
雖然Git會把代碼以及歷史保存在本地,但最終還是要提交到服務器上的遠程倉庫。通過clone命令可以把遠程倉庫的代碼下載到本地,同時也會將提交歷史、分支、HEAD等狀態(tài)一并同步到本地,但這些狀態(tài)并不會實時更新,需要手動從遠程倉庫去拉取,至于何時拉、怎么拉后面章節(jié)會講到。
通過遠程倉庫為中介,你可以和你的同事進行協(xié)同開發(fā),開發(fā)完新功能后可以申請?zhí)峤恢吝h程倉庫,同時也可以從遠程倉庫拉取你同事的代碼。
注意點
因為你和你的同事都會以遠程倉庫的代碼為基準,所以要時刻保證遠程倉庫的代碼質(zhì)量,切記不要將未經(jīng)檢驗測試的代碼提交至遠程倉庫
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